PASSOVER
UNDERSTANDINGS "AND ON THE DAY OF UNLEAVENED"
It has been a puzzle to many who read the KJV to find sentences in the Gospels that say: "Now on the first day of the feast of unleavened bread the disciples came to Jesus, saying unto Him, Where will you that we prepare for you to eat the Passover" (Mat.26:17). Notice italic words are not in the Greek. Something similar is said in Mark 14:12, yet there it seems to say they killed the Passover on the first day of unleavened bread. And Luke says the same as Mark (Luke 22:7). Reading the plain easy to understand Scriptures in the books of Moses as we have done in our previous studies, we clearly find as in Lev.23 and Num.28 that the Passover was the 14th day and the first day of the Unleavened Bread feast was the 15th. This 15th day was also a holy convocation day - a Sabbath assembly day, as was the last or 7th day of this Unleavened Bread feast. Days began at even in Israel as seen from WHEN to observe the feast of Atonement in Lev.23.
So how could it be possible that the disciples came to Jesus
on the first day of the feast of Unleavened Bread as Matthew
seems to say, which would then be the 15th day of the first
month, which would also be a Sabbath, and ask Jesus where they
could prepare the Passover which obviously they had not yet
killed and eaten.
Where they killing the Passover on the 15th, a Sabbath day?
Did Jesus die on the 15th, a Sabbath day? Of course not! The
Gospel of John tells us they were in a hurry to take Jesus down
from the cross and place Him in the garden tomb BECAUSE the
Sabbath drew on - the Sabbath of the feast - the 15th. The law of
Moses stated that no one should remain dead on a tree over any
night of any day(Deut.21:23 with John 19:31). The Passover lambs were never to be killed on a Sabbath day.
There is NO HISTORY of the Jews that teaches or recorded that the
Jews ever killed the lambs of the Passover on ANY Sabbath day (at
least the Jews that John has in mind in his gospel, who were
using the 14th as a preparation day for the coming 15th Sabbath).
There was much work in slaying and roasting the lambs, never did
God allow the Passover sacrifice to be done on a Sabbath.
Certainly the Pharisee sect that killed the lambs at the Temple
never taught or practiced doing it on any Sabbath. They did it in
the afternoon of the 14th, leading up to the Sabbath of the 15th,
which was the first day of the feast of Unleavened Bread proper,
from the evening at the end of the 14th to the evening at the end
of the 21st day (Exodus 12:18).
The scribes and Pharisees and their followers who practiced
and taught this way to observe the sacrifice of the Passover,
leading into the 15th Sabbath, were doing JUST THAT as John
records for us in the last chapters of his Gospel.
All is very clear from all four Gospel writers that Jesus
died on the afternoon of the 14th, after He had observed the
Passover at the beginning of the 14th (the night before), at
dusk (when it was killed) and on into that night (as we have seen
in earlier studies). As the Passover at the end of the 14th (for
those who followed the Pharisee teaching and practice) which led
up to the 15th Sabbath day, they wanted Jesus down from the tree
and in the tomb. This is very clear from the Gospel of John.
So how on earth could the first day of the Unleavened Bread
feast have arrived and Jesus had not yet observed the Passover,
yet observe it on the 14th, die on the 14th, when it seems to
say, it was already the 15th, the first day of the feast of UB,
and Jesus had yet to observe the Passover? It does seem rather confusing to say the least. It is such
seemingly contradictions of the Bible that make many into
"sceptics" and even agnostics of the Bible. Because of such
things many stumble and fall backward, and reject the Bible as
inspired, and often they reject the truth that there is a God who
does not contradict Himself in His word.
A FEW KEYS TO UNDERSTAND THE KJV
Many KJV Bibles will use italics for many words. Maybe you
have wondered why, maybe you already know why. In case someone
reading this does not know why italic words are found in English
translations of the Bible, I will state the reason here. All
italic words are to tell you that such words ARE NOT in the
original Greek! They were added by the translators to try and
make the reading easier to comprehend. Sometimes, maybe most of
the time, such is the case, BUT sometimes it actually not only
does not help, it makes things worse and ends up causing what
seems to be contradictions with other Scriptures.
Now to add to that, sometimes words that are not in italics
and so making it appear that they are IN the original Greek, ARE
NOT THERE EITHER!
So the original Greek becomes very important to have and see
when we are dealing with some of the verses that seem to
contradict one another.
Let's go to the Greek. Here is how the Greek reads as
translated into English from the Textus Receptus in the
Greek/English Interlinear by George Ricker Berry Ph.D.
Luke 22:7,8.
"And came the day of unleavened in which was needful to be
killed the passover. And He sent Peter and John saying, Having
gone prepare for us the Passover, that we may eat."
Matt.26:17.
"Now on the first of unleavened came the disciples to Jesus,
saying to Him, Where will you we should prepare for you to eat
the Passover."
Mark 14:12.
"And on the first day of unleavened, when the Passover they
killed, say to Him His disciples, Where desirest you going we
should prepare that you mayest eat the Passover."
It is very clear that Jesus and His disciples HAD NOT YET
prepared and eaten the Passover meal. It is just as clear that
they came to Him concerning WHERE to prepare the Passover ON THE
DAY THEY KILLED THE PASSOVER. We know the truth of Exodus 12
this was in the evening, at sun-set, between the two evenings, at
DUSK, when the sun went down over the horizon TO START THE DAY OF
THE 14TH, the day they killed the Passover lambs!
As we can plainly see from the Gospels this was the 14th day
of Nisan, the first month, NOT the 15th or ANY other day but the
14th. Remember the 15th was the Sabbath that was coming on in the
Gospel of John, the first day of the FEAST of UB, when they
hurriedly wanted Jesus' body down off the cross and into the
garden tomb.
I want you to NOTICE the word "bread" is not in the Greek!
Of course by implication bread is meant, for "unleavened" was to
do with BREAD not gape juice or fried green tomatoes.
MORE IMPORTANT THAN THAT is to notice the fact that the word
"feast" is NOT USED!!
None of the accounts in Matthew, Mark, and Luke, use the
word "feast" with the word "unleavened." The Greek language did
have a word for "feast." John used it in a number of times in
his Gospel (i.e. chapter 13:1; 7:2). They did not use it in the
verses above to be specific. Luke used the word feast in chapter
22:1. He and the others did not use it when they were referring
to THE DAY they killed the Passover lambs, and on which day the
disciples came to Jesus to ask Him where they should prepare the
Passover meal for them to eat.
They had VERY GOOD REASON why they DID NOT use it. They did
not want you to believe this was the 15th day of the month, the
first Sabbath day, the holy convocation day, of the seven day
FEAST of Unleavened Bread.
Oh, it was indeed THE FIRST OF UNLEAVENED (bread) in an
official, God commanded way, that unleavened bread was to be used
and eaten. I shall show you how this was so shortly, if you have
not yet called to mind the instructions of Exodus 12. And
I will show you from Jewish CUSTOM and TRADITIONS that this 14th
day was a day, the first official day in their religious
traditions, to be unleavened.
First, I want to look at the term "the unleavened" as it is
in the Greek. It is "toon azumoon." And it is the plural of ta
azuma. The plural form toon azumoon, "the unleavened" reflects
the point it is or can be MORE than the 7 day feast of UB. The
plural form is unlimited unless it is limited by the specific use
of a number along with it. Here in the verses above there is no
such limiting number used with this plural form.
Let's once more re-examine in basic form, and the outline of
the use of unleavened bread, that God gave to Israel through
Moses in the law of Moses.
From our previous studies we have seen:
1. By the first day of the FEAST of UB, all leavened bread
was to have been put out of the houses (Ex.12:15,19). Verse 15 is
correctly "shall have put out leaven" as it is in the past tense
in the Hebrew. So past action completed by the start or beginning
of the 15th day. But past action a few seconds UP TO the
beginning of the 15th is still past action to the start of the
15th.
2. No leaven was to be found in their homes during the seven
day feast of UB (Ex.12:19).
3. They were to eat unleavened bread for seven days starting
with the 15th day and continuing for seven full days(Lev.23:6-8; Deut.16:3).
4. The first(15th day) and the seventh(21st day) of this
first month of Nisan/Abid, was to be holy convocation days, no
servile work performed, they were Sabbath
days (Ex.12;16,Lev.23:6-8; Deut.16:8; Num.28:17-25).
5. No leaven was to be within their boarders, the entire
country was to be without leavened bread (Ex.13:7), although it
could possibly be argued that "quarters" here means houses or
dwelling places only.
6. The Passover meal was to be eaten with UNleavened bread.
No leavened bread was to be eaten with the Passover meal (Ex.12:8).
This last point IS VERY IMPORTANT! Remember it! Mark it in
your Bible!
It was the law of the Lord, it was a command of God, it was
a precept of the Eternal, that ONLY UNleavened bread was to be
eaten with the Passover meal! This 14th day was then the FIRST
OFFICIAL God commanded day within the context of His FEASTS, that
unleavened bread was to be used and eaten. The 14th day of Nisan
is a FEAST day all to itself, different from and apart from the
FEAST of the 7 days of Unleavened Bread which began on the 15th
day of the first month, and continued until the end of the 21st
day.
The 14th day is NOWHERE in the law of Moses commanded to be
observed as a COMPLETE, 24 HOUR, DAY OF UNLEAVENED BREAD ONLY EATING, WHERE LEAVENED BREAD WAS TO HAVE BEEN PUT OUT OF THE HOMES BY THE BEGINNING OF THIS 14TH DAY!!
NOTE THAT FACT, NEVER FORGET IT! Because some have
forgotten this fact of truth, they believe the 14th day must also
be a day where leavened bread must be put out of their homes, and
only unleavened bread eaten. They believe by the time the 14th
day is to START, at the end of the 13th day, in the evening, at
sunset, dusk, of the 14th, all leavened bread is to be out of
their houses. THIS IS NOT WHAT THE LAW OF MOSES SAYS!
It was UP TO and by the time of the beginning of the 15th
day, that all leaven was to be out of the homes. With the START
of this 15th day no leavened bread was to be eaten for seven full
days, but ONLY Unleavened bread was to be partaken of with their
meals. This is VERY CLEAR from all the Scriptures on the subject
within the books of Moses.
UNLEAVENED bread was to be eaten with the Passover meal on
the 14th, at the beginning of the 14th, in the night of the 14th.
So it was a day of UNleavened (bread) in that sense ONLY! It was
the FIRST official God appointed day of the new year, in which
unleavened bread was, as a command, to be eaten. It was a SPECIAL
day, it was the PASSOVER DAY. It was the first of God's SEVEN
festivals. So it is not surprising that the Gospel writers said
"Now THE first of unleavened, when they killed the Passover...."
Putting some emphasis on THE DAY. That 14th day was indeed
special - it was the Passover day, the day of the first commanded
eating of unleavened bread. But it was never a command of the
Lord that the entire day was to be unleavened in both eating and
in their homes.
Some just think it odd and strange that after observing the
memorial of our Lord's death with unleavened bread, we should or
could go back to eating leavened bread again until the 15th
arrives so many hours later.
Yet it should not be that strange when you consider the 14th
day was NEVER by God instituted as a holy convocation day, a "no
servile" work day, or called a Sabbath day. It could just as
easily be asked that after having a serious memorial service at
the beginning of the 14th, in the night of the 14th, why should
we be able to work at our servile jobs the next day, for the 14th
is not a Sabbath.
The answer to that is found in the typology of the day and
the prophecies concerning the suffering Messiah. What Jesus was
to be put through, His trials, His mocking, His buffeting, His
scourging, His walking to the hill of crucifixion half dead
already, and hanging on the cross where He was finally thrust
through with a spear and killed, WAS NOT SABBATH ACTIVITY!!
He after observing the Passover with His disciples, eating
unleavened bread (picturing righteousness - 1 Cor. 5), WENT OUT INTO THE SINFUL WORLD AGAIN TO FACE SIN AND TO LOOK IT IN THE FACE AND OVERCOME IT. HE ENTERED THE REST OF THE GREAT FEAST THAT PICTURES THE PUTTING AWAY OF SIN TO DO HOLY PERFECT RIGHTEOUSNESS - THE FEAST OF PERFECTION, THE FEAST OF UNLEAVENED BREAD! JESUS RESTED IN HOLINESS FOR THE FIRST THREE DAYS OF THAT FEAST AND WAS RAISED IN PERFECTION TO EVER LIVE IN THAT PERFECTION, AND NEVER AGAIN EVEN TO BE TEMPTED TO SIN (Heb.4:15).
THE 14TH WAS THE FIRST OFFICIAL DAY OF UNLEAVENED
BREAD FOR THE PHARISEES AND THEIR FOLLOWERS
There is a dual meaning as to why Matthew, Mark, and Luke
used the phrase "And on the first of unleavened." It was not
only the first official day as given by the Lord in which
unleavened bread was commanded to be eaten (with the Passover
meal) as we have seen, but the popular scribe and Pharisee
religion that most of the religious Jews followed, also had a
TRADITION, and let me give emphasis to the word TRADITION, THAT LEAVEN BREAD WAS TO BE PUT AWAY BY AND DURING THE 14TH DAY OF NISAN.
From the NEW UNGER'S BIBLE DICTIONARY, page 411, we read:
"......The 13th of Nisan. On the evening of the 13th
Nisan........every head of a family searched for and collected by
the light of a candle all the leaven. before beginning the
search, he pronounced the following benediction: 'Blessed art
thou, O Lord our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us
with thy commandments, and has enjoined us to remove the leaven.'
After the search he said, 'Whatever leaven remains in my
possession which I cannot see, behold, it is null, and accounted
as the dust of the earth.'
"......The 14th Nisan........Handicraftsmen, with the
exception of tailors, barbers, and laundresses, were obliged to
cease from work, either from the morning or from noon, according
to the custom of the different places in Palestine. No leaven was
allowed to be eaten after noon, when all that had been found
either on this day or the preceding one was to be burned........"
Let me put this all in simple language for you.
The people who followed the scribes and Pharisees in their
traditions of religion, would start to clear the house of
leavened bread, crumbs etc. on the 13th of Nisan IF NOT BEFORE
THAT! For the reason that by the time the 14th day had come at
evening time, when the 14th began, the head of the household
would make one final search and look for leaven using the
benedictions mentioned above for the start of the search and
for the end thereof. It was done on the night of the 14th by
candle-light. The next day, the daylight part of the 14th, by
noon at the latest, NO MORE LEAVEN WAS TO BE EATEN, and all
leaven had been burned.
This 14th day of Nisan under the religion of the Pharisees
was for all intents and purposes, a DAY OF NO LEAVEN. They had
even made it a semi-Sabbath day as only certain trades were to
work on that day, everyone else stopping work either from morning
or the latest from noon, depending as we read, what the CUSTOM
was in their part of Palestine.
You see now a little more of those TRADITIONS of men that
made void the commandments of God, Jesus so often spoke against
concerning the religion of the scribes and Pharisees. You see
how much they had added to and changed the laws concerning the
Passover day as given in the books of Moses.
They had through the process of time moved the sacrifice of
the Passover from the beginning of the 14th, to the near end of
the 14th. They had moved the killing of the Passover lambs from
the heads of groups of people gathered here and there in
Jerusalem Jesus sent Peter and John to prepare the Passover), to
having the Priesthood kill the lambs, and that not in houses but
in the Temple. They even went as far as having all the leaven out
of their homes by the beginning of the 14th, as they had one more
final search by candle-light for leaven. None were to eat leaven
after at least noon of the 14th. Then after all that it did not
stop there, they had made the 14th into a semi-Sabbath day.
None of the above customs and traditions were part of the
laws of the Passover day according to the books of Moses. The law
of the Passover meal was very clear in Exodus 12. The lamb was to
be killed at DUSK, between the two evenings, at the start of the
14th, and only UNleavened bread was to be eaten with THAT meal.
The 14th day was NOT a Sabbath, and it was NOT a complete full
day of no leaven in the house, or to be eaten. No leaven was to
be eaten with the Passover meal, and that was it, period!
All leaven was to be out by the time the 15th day started, and
from that time through to the end of the 21st day, only
UNleavened bread was to be eaten. A full and complete perfect
seven days. This was the command of the Lord, no more and no
less!
Now we see no contradiction in the word of the Lord. All
harmonizes perfectly. The Scripture cannot be broken as Jesus
told us.
The 14th day as it arrived, as the sun set over the horizon,
as that day arrived when they killed the Passover, as they were
about to start to kill the Passover (those who knew the truth and
did not follow the Pharisees) at the beginning of the 14th, in
their different groups, in different homes within and around the
extended city limits of Jerusalem. As it was the first official
God ordered, commanded day of the year to eat UNleavened bread on
during the Passover meal (and even unleavened as far as the
Pharisee religious traditions went), Matthew, Mark and Luke
correctly said: "Now on the first of unleavened, the disciples
came to Jesus and said, Where shall be go to prepare the Passover
for you to eat."
..........................................
by
Keith Hunt
The 14th - A day of Unleaven?
Why did Matthew, Mark, Luke, say it was unleaven?
by Keith Hunt As most scholars know, a careful studying of the harmony of the Gospels, will reveal that Jesus kept the Passover with His disciples on the "evening" of the 14th of Abib or Nisan (in the Jewish calendar, corresponding to our March/April). On that evening, which was the beginning of the 14th, Jesus introduced the NT emblems of the bread and wine and foot-washing. That night He was betrayed by Judas in the garden of Gethsemane, and was subsequently crucified on Golgotha during the daylight hours of the 14th. The Pharisees and their followers would then observe their Passover that evening of the 15th, which was the start of the feast of Unleavened Bread, according to the books of Moses, and which I have shown and proved in another study. All this is pretty plain to see for most astute Gospel studiers. Why then do we have THREE Gospel writers, writing as if, well for most people it would be as if, Jesus was going to observe the Passover on the first evening of the feast of Unleavened Bread? Let's note how the Gospel writers actually wrote it in the Greek. I will be quoting the literal translation from the Greek by J. P. Green from his Greek/English Interlinear. MATTHEW 26: 17 "And on the first unleavened came the disciples to Jesus, saying to Him; Where will you we may prepare for you to eat the Passover?......" MARK 14: 12 "And on the first day of the unleavened, when the Passover they killed, say to Him the disciples of Him; Where do you wish going we may prepare that you eat the Passover?......" LUKE 22: 7 "And came the day of the unleavened, on which must be killed the Passover....." Well, it kinda sounds like it could be the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, but if so that would put it on the evening or start of the 15th day of Nisan, and most scholars would immediately raise the red flag on that idea. But we need to notice that the word "feast" or "festival" does not appear in any of the above quotes from the three Gospel writers. And this is VERY IMPORTANT, for it sets up the immediate question we need to ask, "If it was NOT the feast of Unleavened Bread, then what did they mean by it being on the first day of unleavened?" We need to now search the history books to see if we can find the answer. And yes, indeed we can find the answer. ALFRED EDERSHEIM, D.D., Ph.D. the great Jewish/Christian writer gives it to us as he writes about what the Jews did on this 14th day of Nisan. I quote from Edersheim's book "THE TEMPLE - its Ministry and Services" (Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1982), pages 219, 220. All CAPITAL letter words are mine for emphasis. "The SPECIAL preparations for the Passover commenced on the EVENING of the 13th of Nisan, with which, according to Jewish reckoning, the 14th BEGAN, the day being always computed from evening to evening. THEN the head of the house was to SEARCH with a lighted candle all places where LEAVEN was usually kept, and to put what of it he found in the house in a safe place, whence no portion could be carried away by any accident. Before doing this, he prayed: 'Blessed art Thou, Jehovah, our God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us by Thy commandments, and commanded us to remove the leaven.' And after it he said, 'ALL the LEAVEN that is in my possession, that which I have seen and that which I have not seen, be it null, be it accounted as the dust of the earth.' The search itself was to be accomplished in perfect silence and with a lighted candle......Jewish tradition sees a reference to this search with candles in Zeph.1: 12; 'And it shall come to pass at this time that I will search Jerusalem with candles.' If the leaven HAD NOT been removed on the evening of the 13th (beginning of the 14th in Jewish reckoning -Keith Hunt), it might STILL BE DONE on the AFTERNOON OF THE 14TH OF NISAN...... Early on the FORENOON of the 14th of Nisan the feast of the Passover may be said to have begun. In Galilee, no work was done all day; in Judea it was continued till mid-day.....Even EARLIER than MID-DAY of the 14th it was NO LONGER LAWFUL to eat LEAVEN. The strictest opinion fixes ten o'clock, as the LATEST hour when leaven MIGHT BE EATEN, the more lax, eleven. From that hour to twelve o'clock it was required to ABSTAIN from LEAVEN, while at twelve it was to be solemnly DESTROYED, either by burning, immersing it in water, or scattering it to the winds. To secure STRICT OBEDIENCE and uniformity, the EXACT TIME for ABSTAINING from and for DESTROYING the LEAVEN was thus made known: 'They laid two desecrated cakes of a thank-offering on a bench in the porch (of the Temple). So long as they lay there, all the people might eat (leavened); when one of them was removed, they abstained from eating, but they did not burn (the leaven); when BOTH were REMOVED, all the people burnt (the leaven)' (Pes. i. 5)."
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