EARLY HISTORY OF AIDS, AND...... BEYOND!!!
FROM THE LECTURES OF MYSTERIES OF THE MICROSCOPIC WORLD—— by Professor Bruce E. Freury in 2010. From the “Teaching Company”——
RED LETTERS PROF. FREURY --- BLUE LETTER MY COMMENT:
THE RECENT GENETIC ANNALIST PUTS ITS ORIGIN IN WEST AFRICA - 1930 TO 1950.
A FACYOR IN IT’S EMERGING WAS DE-FORESTING.
AS AFRICANS MOVE DEEPER AND DEEPER INTO THE BUSH, ENCOUNTERS WITH PRIMATES BECAME MORE COMMON. AND AS THE POPULATION GREW AND GREW, THEY BECAME RELIANT ON BUSH MEAT……..
[SHOULD NOT TAKE MUCH IMAGINATION AS WHAT WAS BUSH MEAT; ANYTHING THAT COULD BE EATEN FOR MEAT; ALL BEING UN-CLEAN IN GOD’S LAWS OF PHYSICAL EATING]
THE FIRST CASE OF AIDS IN AMERICA WAS A 15 YEAR OLD BOY WHO DIED IN 1969.
BUT THE MOST INFAMOUS WAS A GUY BY THE NAME OF N GAETAN DUGAS, THE SO-CALLED PATIENT ZERO FOR AIDS. THOUGH NOT THE VERY FIRST VICTIM, THIS GAY FLIGHT ATTENDANT KNOWINGLY SPREAD THE DISEASE TO 2, 500 SEXUAL PARTNERS.
THAT FACT IS HARD TO COMPREHEND, THAT SOME GAY MEN ARE THAT EXTREME IN WANTING SEX UPON SEX UPON SEX. IT SHOULD SHOCK THE NORMAL HUMAN MIND, THAT SOMEONE WOULD STACK UP THAT MANY SEXUAL PARTNERS. THAT OF COURSE SHOWS SEX PARTNERS ARE AT CLOSE HAND.
AIDS THE QUIET KILLER
I CONTINUE WITH PROFESSORS FLEURY AND PART OF HIS LECTURES ON THE SUBJECT OF AIDS, IN 2010——
…AIDS MAYBE THE VIRULENT KILLER OF ALL AGES; NO ONE HAS SURVIVED IT. AS SOON AS A SYMPTOM OF AIDS HAS EMERGED ITS FATALITIES ARE 100 PER-CENT.
AIDS HAS AFFLICTED MILLIONS AND WILL AFFLICT MILLIONS MORE. THERE IS NO CURE FOR AIDS [REMEMBER THIS WAS IN 2010 THE PROFESSOR WAS SPEAKING]; AFTER ALL THIS TIME IN OUR STRUGGLE WITH MICROBES, HAVE WE FINALLY MET OUR MATCH? THE BEST WE CAN DO IS SLOW DOWN ITS ADVANCE IN OUR BODY. ONCE IN OUR BODY WE HAVE ABOUT 11 YEARS TO LIVE.
AIDS RELIES ON THE FLUID ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION, IN THE BLOOD OR SEMAN. YOU CAN CATCH IT THROUGH SEXUAL CONTACT OR THE HYPODERMIC NEEDLE. BABIES CAN CATCH IT THROUGH BLOOD IN CHILDBIRTH, OR FROM MOTHER’S MILK…….
MICROBES MUST GET INTO OUR BODY; BUT THAT’S NOT ENOUGH; THEY MUST GET OUT OF OUR BODY TO LIVE AND AFFECT SOMEONE ELSE.
DISEASES LIKE FLU FOR EXAMPLE EXIT VIA AIRIAL ROUTE - MANY MICROBIAL DISEASES EXIT BY THE AEROSOL ROUTE. TINY LITTLE WATER DROPLETS MOVING THROUGH THE AIR - PRODUCED BY SNEEZING, COUGHING; THIS IS A VERY EFFECTIVE WAY OF TRANSMISSION, A CROWD, A SCHOOL, A DAY CARE, A HOSPITAL.
THE WASTE ROUTE IS ANOTHER WAY TO EXIT THE BODY - FECES - URINE. IT’S THE WAY THE MICROBE HOOK-WORM LEAVES THE BODY…. RABBIS TRAVELS THROUGH THE SOLIVA OF ITS VICTIMS…..
ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR ROUTES FOR VIRUSES IS THE BLOOD ROUTE….
BUT THE TRY-FECTOR IS SEX - SOLIVA, SEMEN, BLOOD; ALL FLOWING, AND IF YOU THROW IN INTIMATE BODILY CONTACT, WELL YOU HAVE AN IDEAL WAY OF DISPERSAL AND INFECTION. IT’S ONE STOP SHOPPING FOR AN OPPORTUNIST MICROBE. NOT SURPRISING THAT MANY TRANSMISSION DISEASES ARE SEXUAL DISEASES — STDs.
AND THERE ARE ABOUT 50 TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES…. SOME LIKE SYPHILIS ARE POTENT KILLERS…. BUT NONE OF THEM HOLD A CANDLE TO AIDS.
THE HIV VIRUS THAT PRODUCES AIDS, DO NOT PRODUCE KILLING TOXINS, NO VIOLENT SYMPTOMS. IT’S A QUIET KILLER, ONE THAT PATIENTLY STORKS ITS VICTIMS, FOR YEARS—— 6 MONTHS TO 10 YEARS FOR FIRST INFECTIONS TO RECOGNIZABLE SYMPTOMS.
AIDS CRIPPLES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY STRIKING ITS MOST VULNERABLE SYSTEM— DESTROYING HELPER T CELLS.
THE T CELLS ORCHESTRATE THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. ONCE A NUMBER OF T CELLS ARE DESTROYED IT CAN NO LONGER PRODUCE AN EFFECTIVE ATTACK ON BAD MICROBES. EVERY CELL OF THE BODY CAN BE TAKEN OVER BY THE AIDS VIRUS— A TRULY DEADLY AND INSIDIOUS STRATEGY. IT WAS ONLY A MATTER OF TIME THAT SOME MICROBE HIT UPON THAT APPROACH.
AIDS MUSHROOMED INTO A MICROSCOPIC GOLD MINE.
HIV = HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
AIDS = ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
AIDS VICTIMS DON’T DIE FROM AIDS— THEY DIE FROM CANCER, PNEUMONIA, OR TUBERCULBBED “THE 4 - H CLUB”—— OSIS.
THEY ARE DEFENCELESS AGAINST ANY AND ALL INFECTIOUS MICROBES. BECAUSE THE VICTIM’S SYSTOM CANNOT FIGHT AGAINST THE BAD ENEMY ATTACKING THE BODY.
MORE AIDS VICTIMS DIE OF CANCER THAN ANY OTHER CAUSE. 40 - 50 PERCENT OF AIDS VICTIMS WILL PRODUCE CANCER CELLS…..
IN 1980 BECAUSE THERE WAS THIS CANCER OUTBREAK IN THE GAY COMMUNITY, AIDS WAS CALLED THE GAY PLAGUE…..
AS THE AIDS PLAGUE SPREAD IT WAS DUBBED THE “4 - H CLUB”—— HEMOPHILIACS, HERION ADDICTS, HOMOSEXUALS, HAITIANS.…..
IT WAS NOT HOMOSEXUALITY, IT WAS PROMISCUITY THAT CAUSED AIDS TO SPREAD LIKE WILD-FIRE IN SAN FRANCISCO.
IT WAS NOT UNUSUAL IN THE UNDERGROUND GAY COMMUNITY IN SAN FRANCISCO, FOR GAYS TO HAVE 10 - 30 SECUAL PARTNERS A WEEK - UP TO 1,000 IN A YEAR…..
WHERE DID AIDS DISEASE COME FROM?
THAT TAKES US BACK TO THE TOP OF THIS STUDY.
IT WOULD SEEM THAT BLACK PEOPLE HAVE A GENETIC SOMETHING THAT MAKES BLACKS MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE AIDS VIRUS.
YES IT WAS PROMISCUOUS LIFE STYLE THAT SPREAD THE AIDS PLAGUE.
SEX BEFORE MARRIAGE [CALLED FORNICATION IN THE BIBLE], SEX WITH OTHER PEOPLE OTHER THAN YOUR MATE [ADULTERY IT IS CALLED IN THE BIBLE]. THEN YOU HAVE BI-SEXUAL PEOPLE [SEX WITH EITHER SEX], THEN HOMOSEXUALS, AND SO IT IS IN THE WORLD TODAY—— SEX WITH WHOEVER AND WHENEVER, AS MUCH AS YOU LIKE.
TODAY WE HAVE A WORLD OF SEX, SEX, AND MORE SEX…. A WORLD OF FREE SEX WITH TOO MANY MEN AND WOMEN, AND EVEN TEENAGERS.
YA WE WANT SEX AND TO HELL WITH SEXUAL DISEASES, WE HAVE A PILL TO FIX IT ALL, SEEMS TO BE THE GNERAL ATTITUDE IN MOST COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.
WELL THAT’S HOW THE AIDS VIRUS GOT GOING IN THE WORLD.
TIME NOW TO SEE HOW THE WORLD IS DOING.
Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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HIV/AIDS Epidemic |
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AIDS and HIV prevalence 2009 |
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Disease |
|
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Virus strain |
|
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Source |
Non-human primate |
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Location |
Worldwide |
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First outbreak |
June 5, 1981[1] |
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Date |
1981 – present |
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Confirmed cases |
64.4 million – 113 million[2] |
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Deaths |
40.1 million total deaths (2021)[2] |
The global epidemic of HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) began in 1981, and is an ongoing worldwide public health issue.[3][4][5] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2021, HIV/AIDS has killed approximately 40.1 million people, and approximately 38.4 million people are infected with HIV globally.[3] Of these 38.4 million people, 75% are receiving antiretroviral treatment.[6] There were about 770,000 deaths from HIV/AIDS in 2018,[7] and 680,000 deaths in 2020.[3] The 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that the global incidence of HIV infection peaked in 1997 at 3.3 million per year. Global incidence fell rapidly from 1997 to 2005, to about 2.6 million per year.[8] Incidence of HIV has continued to fall, decreasing by 23% from 2010 to 2020, with progress dominated by decreases in Eastern Africa and Southern Africa.[9] As of 2020, there are approximately 1.5 million new infections of HIV per year globally.[10]
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of HIV in the Africa Region was estimated at 1.1 million people as of 2018. [11] The African Region accounts for two thirds of the incidence of HIV around the world. [11] Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV. In 2018, an estimated 61% of new HIV infections occurred in this region,[12] and as of 2020, more than two thirds of those living with HIV are living in Africa.[3] HIV rates have been decreasing in the region: From 2010 to 2020, new infections in eastern and southern Africa fell by 38%.[9] Still, South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world, at 8.45 million,[13] 13.9%[14] of the population as of 2022. As of 2022, it is estimated that the adult HIV prevalence rate is 6.2%, a 1.2% increase from data reported in the 2011 UNAIDS World Aids Day Report.[15] [16]
In western Europe and North America, most people with HIV are able to access treatment and live long and healthy lives.[17] As of 2020, 88% of people living with HIV in this region know their HIV status, and 67% have suppressed viral loads.[17] In 2019, approximately 1.2 million people in the United States had HIV; 13% did not realize that they were infected.[18] In Canada as of 2016, there were about 63,110 cases of HIV.[19][20] In 2020, 106,890 people were living with HIV in the UK and 614 died (99 of these from COVID-19 comorbidity).[21] In Australia, as of 2020, there were about 29,090 cases.[22]
Throughout the world, HIV disproportionately affects certain key populations (sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people) and their sexual partners. These groups account for 65% of global HIV infections, and 93% of new infections outside of sub-Saharan Africa.[10] In Western Europe and North America, men who have sex with men account for almost two thirds of new HIV infections.[17]
In Sub-Saharan Africa, 63% of new infections are women, with young women (aged 15 to 24 years) twice as likely as men of the same age to be living with HIV.[10]
HIV originated in nonhuman primates in Central Africa and jumped to humans several times in the late 19th or early 20th century.[23][24][25] One reconstruction of its genetic history suggests that HIV-1 group M, the strain most responsible for the global epidemic, may have originated in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, around 1920.[26][27] AIDS was first recognized in 1981, and in 1983 the HIV virus was discovered and identified as the cause of AIDS.[28][29][30]
Sub-Saharan Africa[edit]
Estimated HIV infection in Africa in 2011.
Graphs of life expectancy at birth for some sub-Saharan countries showing the fall in the 1990s primarily due to the AIDS pandemic.[41]
Main article: HIV/AIDS in Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa remains the hardest-hit region. HIV infection is becoming endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, which is home to just over 12% of the world's population but two-thirds of all people infected with HIV.[15] As of 2022, it is estimated that the adult HIV prevalence rate is 6.2%, a 1.2% increase from data reported in the 2011 UNAIDS World Aids Day Report.[15] [16]However, the actual prevalence varies between regions. The UNAIDS 2021 data estimates that about 58% of the HIV 4000 incidences per day are in Sub-Saharan Africa.[42] Presently, Southern Africa is the hardest hit region, with adult prevalence rates exceeding 20% in most countries in the region, and 30% in Eswatini and Botswana. Analysis of prevalence across sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2017 found high variation in prevalence at a subnational level, with some countries demonstrating a more than five-fold difference in prevalence between different districts.[43] Although Eastern and Southern Africa have a heavier burden of disease they have also shown much resilience in their response to HIV.[44]
Across Sub-Saharan Africa, more women are infected with HIV than men, with 13 women infected for every 10 infected men. This gender gap continues to grow. Throughout the region, women are being infected with HIV at earlier ages than men. The differences in infection levels between women and men are most pronounced among young people (aged 15–24 years). In this age group, there are 36 women infected with HIV for every 10 men. The widespread prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, the promiscuous culture,[45] the practice of scarification, unsafe blood transfusions, and the poor state of hygiene and nutrition in some areas may all be facilitating factors in the transmission of HIV-1 (Bentwich et al., 1995).
It's important to work towards eliminating Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in developing nations. Due to a lack of testing, a shortage in antenatal therapies and through the feeding of contaminated breast milk, 590,000 infants born in developing countries are infected with HIV-1 per year.[46] In 2000, the World Health Organization estimated that 25% of the units of blood transfused in Africa were not tested for HIV, and that 10% of HIV infections in Africa were transmitted via blood.[47]
Poor economic conditions (leading to the use of dirty needles in healthcare clinics) and lack of sex education contribute to high rates of infection. In some African countries, 25% or more of the working adult population is HIV-positive. Poor economic conditions caused by slow onset-emergencies, such as drought, or rapid onset natural disasters and conflict can result in young women and girls being forced into using sex as a survival strategy.[48] Worse still, research indicates that as emergencies, such as drought, take their toll and the number of potential 'clients' decreases, women are forced by clients to accept greater risks, such as not using contraceptives.[48]
AIDS-denialist policies have impeded the creation of effective programs for distribution of antiretroviral drugs. Denialist policies by former South African President Thabo Mbeki's administration led to several hundred thousand unnecessary deaths.[49][50] UNAIDS estimates that in 2005 there were 5.5 million people in South Africa infected with HIV — 12.4% of the population. According to a graph done by UNAIDS, there were 4 200 000 people living with HIV in South Africa in 2005. This was an increase of 400 000 people since 2003.[51] As of 2018, the prevalence of HIV in Eastern and Southern Africa combined was 1.8 million. This number only represents children and adolescents (Ages 0-19). As for those ages 15-24 in this region of Africa, the incidence rate (2018) was 290 000. About 203 000 of those infected were females.[51] The statistical release form the Republic of South Africa in 2020 states that the prevalence rate of HIV infections among adults ages 15-49 was 18.7% but the overall population in South Africa has a prevalence rate of 13%.[52] As of 2021, UNAIDS data from the eastern and southern countries in Africa showed the HIV prevalence rate to be 6.2% in adults ages 15-49.[38]
Females in Sub-Saharan Africa continue to be adversely affected by HIV with data that reveals women 15-24 years of age are two times as likely to contract HIV compared to their male counterparts. [53] However, it has been noted, that empowering women when it comes to education has an effect on lowering their risk of becoming infected with HIV. [53] Data from Sub-Saharan Africa also shows that women are more likely to get tested for HIV, therefor a higher percentage of women compared to men are aware that they have HIV.[53] There are also a higher percentage of women who are receiving treatment and women are more likely to continue with treatment once started.[53]
Although HIV infection rates are much lower in Nigeria than in other African countries, the size of Nigeria's population meant that by the end of 2003, there were an estimated 3.6 million people infected. On the other hand, Uganda, Zambia, Senegal, and most recently Botswana have begun intervention and educational measures to slow the spread of HIV, and Uganda has succeeded in actually reducing its HIV infection rate.[54]
During COVID-19, some countries in South and East Africa were able to set up treatment sites that provided 1.8 million individuals with a larger supply of antiretroviral (ART) medication that could sustain them for longer than the typical 3 months. [55] In the quarterly report following lockdown, they saw a 10% decrease in the number of individuals that experienced treatment interruptions from the quarter before lockdown. [55] South Africa also saw that those infected with HIV had a great risk of complications if they contracted the COVID-19 virus, and more so if they were not receiving ART. [55] The other issue seen before the COVID-19 pandemic arrived was the lack of health care workers. In a bar graph created by the World Health Organization (WHO) comparing regions and globally, Sub-Saharan Africa had the least number of health professionals per 10 000 people. [56]
Middle East and North Africa[edit]
HIV/AIDS prevalence among the adult population (15-49) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is estimated less than 0.1 between 1990 and 2018. This is the lowest prevalence rate compared to other regions in the world.[57]
In the MENA, roughly 230,000 people are living with HIV as of 2020,[58] a slight decrease from 240,000 in 2018 [38] where Iran accounted for approximately one-quarter (61,000) of the population with HIV followed by Sudan (59,000).[59] As well as, Sudan (5,200), Iran (4,400) and Egypt (3,600) took up more than 60% of the number of new infections themselves in the MENA (20,000). Roughly two-thirds of AIDS-related deaths in this region happened in these countries for the year 2018.[38]
Although the prevalence is low, concerns remain in this region. First, unlike the global downward trend in new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths, the numbers have continuously increased in the MENA.[60] Second, compared to the global rate of antiretroviral therapy (62%),[61] the MENA region's rate is far below in 2020 (43%).[58][59] The low participation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases not only the number of AIDS-related deaths but the risk of mother-to-baby HIV infections, in which the MENA (24.7%) shows relatively high rates compared to other regions, for example, southern Africa (10%), Asia and the Pacific (17%).[57] It is estimated that only one in five individuals in need of ART will receive it, and even less than 10% in women and children.[62]
Key population at high risk in this region is identified as injection drug users, female sex workers and men who have sex with men.[57]
South and South-East Asia[edit]
Main article: HIV/AIDS in Asia
The geographical size and human diversity of South and South-East Asia have resulted in HIV epidemics differing across the region.[citation needed]
In South and Southeast Asia, the HIV epidemic remains largely concentrated in injecting drug users (or people who inject drugs, PWID), men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers, and clients of sex workers and their immediate sexual partners.[63] In the Philippines, in particular, sexual contact between males comprise the majority of new infections. An HIV surveillance study conducted by Dr. Louie Mar Gangcuangco and colleagues from the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital showed that out of 406 MSM tested for HIV in Metro Manila, HIV prevalence was 11.8% (95% confidence interval: 8.7- 15.0).[64][65]
Migrants, in particular, are vulnerable and 67% of those infected in Bangladesh and 41% in Nepal are migrants returning from India.[63] This is in part due to human trafficking and exploitation, but also because even those migrants who willingly go to India in search of work are often afraid to access state health services due to concerns over their immigration status.[63]
Overall, integration of treatment and prevention programs has greatly increased in recent times since 2010. Condom programs have been most prevalent in the region and testing has increased disease HIV status awareness from 26 to 89% in the general region.[66] Antiretroviral therapy has been successful in Thailand in eliminating mother-to-child transmission of both HIV and syphillis.[66] Some countries have implemented needle and syringe exchange programs to combat PWID-related infections. In 2015, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Nepal, and Thailand all achieved the 200 needles distributed per PWID standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO) five years before the 2020 goal.[67] Throughout the region, countries have seen a decrease in AIDS-related deaths and new HIV infections from 2010 to 2015, with the exception of Indonesia.[66]
East Asia[edit]
Main article: HIV/AIDS in Asia
The national HIV prevalence levels in East Asia is 0.1% in the adult (15–49) group. However, due to the large populations of many East Asian nations, this low national HIV prevalence still means that large numbers of people are infected with HIV. The picture in this region is dominated by China. Much of the current spread of HIV in China is through injecting drug use and paid sex. In China, UNAIDS estimated the number to be between 390,000 and 1.1 million, following a previous report that ranged from 430,000 to 1.5 million people.[68] East Asia has an estimates 3.5 million people living with HIV, with prevalence low in the 15-49 age range. HIV/AIDS has remained somewhat stable with an approximated 3.5 million cases since 2005. Thailand is the only east Asian country with a over 1% HIV prevalence, which has declined from 1.7% in 2001 to 1.1% in 2015. No cases have been reported in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[69]
In the rural areas of China, where large numbers of farmers, especially in Henan province, participated in unclean blood transfusions; estimates of those infected are in the tens of thousands. In Japan, just over half of HIV/AIDS cases are officially recorded as occurring amongst homosexual men, with the remainder occurring in heterosexual contact, injection drug use, and unknown means.[70]
In East Asia, men who have sex with men account for 18% of new HIV/AIDS cases and are therefore a key affected group along with sex workers and their clients who makeup 29% of new cases. This is also a noteworthy aspect because men who have sex with men had a prevalence of at least 5% or higher in countries in Asia and Pacific.[71]
Americas[edit]
Caribbean[edit]
Main article: HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean
The Caribbean is the second-most affected region in the world.[15] [16]Among adults aged 15–44, AIDS has become the leading cause of death. However, there has been a significant decrease in the number of infections per year in the Caribbean.[72] There is a visible decrease in a graph presented by UNAIDS showing the number of new HIV infections from years 2015-2020. [72] There has also been a 50% decrease in the number of deaths due to AIDS since 2010.[72] The region's adult prevalence rate in 2011 was 0.9%.[15] As of 2021, the prevalence rate among adults ages 15-49 was 1.2% with 14 000 new HIV cases presenting in both adults and children which is a 28% decrease from 2010.[73][74]
HIV transmission occurs largely through heterosexual intercourse. A greater number of people who get infected with HIV/AIDS are heterosexuals.[75] with two-thirds of AIDS cases in this region attributed to this route. Sex between men is also a significant route of transmission, even though it is heavily stigmatized and illegal in many areas. HIV transmission through injecting drug use remains rare, except in Bermuda and Puerto Rico.[75]
Within the Caribbean, the country with the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS is the Bahamas with a rate of 3.2% of adults with the disease. However, when comparing rates from 2004 to 2013, the number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV decreased by 4% over those years. Increased education and treatment drugs will help to decrease incidence levels even more.[76]
According to the UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2022, there is a significant gap when it comes to children and adults alike receiving treatments which is playing a part in inhibiting the world from reaching its 2023 goal of 75% viral suppression among children.[77] This could be in part due to the high cost for treatment and services rounding to an estimated US$ 725 per person per year.[77]
Central and South America[edit]
Main article: HIV/AIDS in Latin America
The populations of Central and South America have approximately 1.6 million people currently infected with HIV and this number has remained relatively unvarying with having a prevalence of approximately .4%. In Latin America, those infected with the disease have received help in the form of Antiretroviral treatment, with 75% of people with HIV receiving the treatment.[78]
In these regions of the American continent, only Guatemala and Honduras have national HIV prevalence of over 1%. In these countries, HIV-infected men outnumber HIV-infected women by roughly 3:1.[citation needed]
With HIV/AIDS incidence levels rising in Central America, education is the most important step in controlling the spread of this disease. In Central America, many people do not have access to treatment drugs. This results in 8–14% of people dying from AIDS in Honduras. To reduce the incidence levels of HIV/AIDS, education and drug access needs to improve.[79]
In a study of immigrants traveling to Europe, all asymptomatic persons were tested for a variety of infectious diseases. The prevalence of HIV among the 383 immigrants from Latin America was low, with only one person testing positive for a HIV infection. This data was collected from a group of immigrants with the majority from Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia.[80]
United States[edit]
Main article: HIV/AIDS in the United States
Since the epidemic began in the early 1980s, 1,216,917 people have been diagnosed with AIDS in the US. In 2016, 14% of the 1.1 million people over age 13 living with HIV were unaware of their infection.[81] The most recent CDC HIV Surveillance Report estimates that 38,281 new cases of HIV were diagnosed in the United States in 2017, a rate of 11.8 per 100,000 population.[82] Men who have sex with men accounted for approximately 8 out of 10 HIV diagnoses among males. Regionally, the population rates (per 100,000 people) of persons diagnosed with HIV infection in 2015 were highest in the South (16.8), followed by the Northeast (11.6), the West (9.8), and the Midwest (7.6).[83] Since 2015, HIV infections have decreased 8%, with 30,635 new cases reported in 2020. The highest incidence rates have continued to be measured in the South, with approximately 13% of the population unaware of their HIV status.[84]
The most frequent mode of transmission of HIV continues to be through male homosexual sexual relations. In general, recent studies have shown that 1 in 6 gay and bisexual men were infected with HIV.[85] As of 2014, in the United States, 83% of new HIV diagnoses among all males aged 13 and older and 67% of the total estimated new diagnoses were among homosexual and bisexual men. Those aged 13 to 24 also accounted for an estimated 92% of new HIV diagnoses among all men in their age group.[86]
A review of studies containing data regarding the prevalence of HIV in transgender women found that nearly 11.8% self-reported that they were infected with HIV.[87] Along with these findings, recent studies have also shown that transgender women are 34 times more likely to have HIV than other women.[85] A 2008 review of HIV studies among transgender women found that 28 percent tested positive for HIV.[88] In the National Transgender Discrimination Survey, 20.23% of black respondents reported being HIV-positive, with an additional 10% reporting that they were unaware of their status.[89]
AIDS is one of the top three causes of death for African American men aged 25–54 and for African American women aged 35–44 years in the United States of America. In the United States, African Americans make up about 48% of the total HIV-positive population and make up more than half of new HIV cases, despite making up only 12% of the population. The main route of transmission for women is through unprotected heterosexual sex. African American women are 19 times more likely to contract HIV than other women.[90]
By 2008, there was increased awareness that young African-American women in particular were at high risk for HIV infection.[91] In 2010, African Americans made up 10% of the population but about half of the HIV/AIDS cases nationwide.[92] This disparity is attributed in part to a lack of information about AIDS and a perception that they are not vulnerable, as well as to limited access to health-care resources and a higher likelihood of sexual contact with at-risk male sexual partners.[93]
Since 1985, the incidence of HIV infection among women had been steadily increasing. In 2005 it was estimated that at least 27% of new HIV infections were in women.[94] There has been increasing concern for the concurrency of violence surrounding women infected with HIV. In 2012, a meta-analysis showed that the rates of psychological trauma, including Intimate Partner Violence and PTSD in HIV positive women were more than five times and twice the national averages, respectively.[95] In 2013, the White House commissioned an Interagency Federal Working Group to address the intersection of violence and women infected with HIV.[96]
There are also geographic disparities in AIDS prevalence in the United States, where it is most common in the large cities of California, esp. Los Angeles and San Francisco and the East Coast, ex. New York City and in urban cities of the Deep South.[97] Rates are lower in Utah, Texas, and Northern Florida.[97] Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, has the nation's highest rate of infection, at 3%. This rate is comparable to what is seen in west Africa, and is considered a severe epidemic.[98]
In the United States in particular, a new wave of infection is being blamed on the use of methamphetamine, known as crystal meth. Research presented at the 12th Annual Retrovirus Conference in Boston in February 2005 concluded that using crystal meth or cocaine is the biggest single risk factor for becoming HIV+ among US gay men, contributing 29% of the overall risk of becoming positive and 28% of the overall risk of being the receptive partner in anal sex.[99]
In addition, several renowned clinical psychologists now cite methamphetamine as the biggest problem facing gay men today, including Michael Majeski, who believes meth is the catalyst for at least 80% of seroconversions currently occurring across the United States, and Tony Zimbardi, who calls methamphetamine the number one cause of HIV transmission, and says that high rates of new HIV infection are not being found among non-crystal users. In addition, various HIV and STD clinics across the United States report anecdotal evidence that 75% of new HIV seroconversions they deal with are methamphetamine-related; indeed, in Los Angeles, methamphetamine usage is regarded as the main cause of HIV seroconversion among gay men in their late thirties.[99] The chemical "methamphetamine", in and of itself, cannot infect someone with HIV.
Canada[edit]
Main article: HIV/AIDS in Canada
In 2016, there were approximately 63,100 people living with HIV/AIDS in Canada.[100] It was estimated that 9090 persons were living with undiagnosed HIV at the end of 2016.[100] Mortality has decreased due to medical advances against HIV/AIDS, especially highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV/AIDS prevalence is increasing most rapidly amongst aboriginal Canadians, with 11.3% of new infections in 2016.[100] Canada aims to reach goals of the 90-90-90 strategy set by Join United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) where 90% of those positive and living with HIV know their status, 90% of the diagnosed able to receive antiretroviral treatment, and 90% on treatment able to achieve viral suppression to eliminate the epidemic of AIDS by 2030.[101]
Eastern Europe and Central Asia[edit]
Main article: HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
There is growing concern about a rapidly growing epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where an estimated 1.23–3.7 million people were infected as of December 2011, though the adult (15–49) prevalence rate is low (1.1%). The rate of HIV infections began to grow rapidly from the mid-1990s, due to social and economic collapse, increased levels of intravenous drug use and increased numbers of sex workers. By 2010 the number of reported cases in Russia was over 450,000 according to the World Health Organization, up from 15,000 in 1995 and 190,000 in 2002. In June 2021, there are over 1.1 million people in Russia living with HIV.[102]
Ukraine and Estonia also have growing numbers of infected people, with estimates of 240,000 and 7,400 respectively in 2018. Also, transmission of HIV is increasing through sexual contact and drug use among the young (<30 years). In this region there were between 130,000 to 180,000 new HIV infections reported in 2021.[103]
Western Europe[edit]
Main article: HIV/AIDS in Western Europe
In most countries of Western Europe, AIDS cases have fallen to levels not seen since the original outbreak; many attribute this trend to aggressive educational campaigns, screening of blood transfusions and increased use of condoms. Also, the death rate from AIDS in Western Europe has fallen sharply, as new AIDS therapies have proven to be an effective (though expensive) means of suppressing HIV.[104]
In this area, the routes of transmission of HIV is diverse, including paid sex, injecting drug use, mother to child, male with male sex and heterosexual sex.[104] However, many new infections in this region occur through contact with HIV-infected individuals from other regions. The adult (15–49) prevalence in this region is 0.3% with between 570,000 and 890,000 people currently infected with HIV. Due to the availability of antiretroviral therapy, AIDS deaths have stayed low since the lows of the late 1990s. However, in some countries, a large share of HIV infections remain undiagnosed and there is worrying evidence of antiretroviral drug resistance among some newly HIV-infected individuals in this region.[104]
Oceania[edit]
Main articles: HIV/AIDS in Australia, HIV/AIDS in New Zealand, and HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea
There is a very large range of national situations regarding AIDS and HIV in this region. This is due in part to the large distances between the islands of Oceania. The wide range of development in the region also plays an important role. The prevalence is estimated at between 0.2% and 0.7%, with between 45,000 and 120,000 adults and children currently infected with HIV.[citation needed]
Papua New Guinea has one of the most serious AIDS epidemics in the region. According to UNAIDS, HIV cases in the country have been increasing at a rate of 30 percent annually since 1997, and the country's HIV prevalence rate in late 2006 was 1.3%.[105]
SO IS THE WORLD WHEN IT IGNORES THE HOLY BIBLE, AND ITS GOD, AND THE LAWS THE ETERNAL GOD GIVES FOR A HEALTHY PHYSICAL BODY AND MIND.
IN THE AGE TO COME, ALL PHYSICAL HUMANS WILL BE GIVEN THE HOLY SPIRIT TO GUIDE THEM INTO LOVING AND OBEYING THE WORD OF THE CREATOR OF ALL THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE. THERE WILL BE NO AIDS THEN. PEOPLE WILL HAVE A STRONG HEALTHY BODY. PHYSICAL LIFE WILL BE SO GOOD, ALL THE HEARTACHE OF SICKNESSES WILL SEEM LIKE DISTANT ANCIENT HISTORY.
YES THAT NEW AGE IS COMING!
TILL THEN WE CONTINUE TO PRAY “THY KINGDOM COME, THY WILL BE DONE ON EARTH AS IT IS IN HEAVEN.”
Keith Hunt
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