New Testament BIB LE STORY
Paul goes to Jerusalem
PERTINENT COMMENTS
Paul arrives in Jerusalem Acts 21
After saying farewell to the elders of Ephesus, Paul and his
company sailed to the island of Cos. They reached Rhodes the
next day and then went on to Patara, and there they boarded a ship
sailing for the Syrian province of Phoenicia. They sighted the
island of Cyprus and passed by it on the left and then landed at
the harbor of Tyre, in Syria, where the cargo of the ship was
unloaded. There they went ashore and found the local disciples
and decided to stay a week with them. Through the power of the
Holy Spirit these disciples prophesied that Paul should NOT go up
to Jerusalem. When it was time for Paul and his company to leave,
the entire congregation, with wives and children , came down to
the shore with them. There they all knelt and prayed and said
farewell. Paul and his companions journeyed on and the saints
of Tyre returned to their homes (Acts 21:1-6).
We again see here an example that it is quite correct and
honorable at times, for a congregation to all kneel and pray
together. This was no doubt such a time, as they all knew nothing
good from the physical point of view was going to happen to Paul
if he went up to Jerusalem.
Paul and his co-workers went on to Ptolemais, where they
greeted the believers there, but only stayed for one day. Then
they went on to Caesarea and stayed in Philip's house. He had
become an Evangelist. He was one of the seven men chosen to
"wait on tables" or distribute food, as we saw back in Acts
chapter six.
Now, Philip had four unmarried daughters who had the gift of
Prophecy. In the early years of the New Testament Church of God,
this gift of prophecy usually included the ability to foretell what
would happen to a person or persons in a week, or month, or
whatever time frame. They could probably also foretell natural
disasters to come. All of those kinds of things they could predict,
as well as speaking things inspired by the Holy Spirit, which the
word "prophecy" can also be understood to mean (verses 7-9).
We can see from this that the gifts of the Spirit can be placed
upon ANYONE, men or women, and that is exactly what Paul
taught in 1 Corinthians chapter twelve.
We note also that the leading of the Spirit had guided Philip,
who at first was chosen by the people and the apostles (Acts 6)
to serve in a physical way, to become an Evangelist. The details
of all this happening to Philip we are not given. It is given that
by this time in the life of the Church of God, he was known as
an Evangelist, and that is sufficient for us to know.
An Evangelist is one who goes out in a public way at times to
proclaim the Gospel to the unconverted masses of the people.
During the time Paul and his companions stay with Philip, a
man named Agabus, who also had the gift of prophecy, came to
them from Judea. He took Paul's belt and bound his own feet with it.
Then he said, "The Holy Spirit has declared to me, that the owner
of this belt shall also be bound by the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem
and turned over to the Romans."
Paul's companions and those believers at Philip's house then
begged Paul not to go on to Jerusalem. But Paul answered them
saying, "Why do you weep for me? You are breaking my heart!
I am not only ready to be jailed at Jerusalem but also to die if I
must, for the sake of our Lord Jesus."
All then realized it was useless to try and get Paul to change
his mind about going up to Jerusalem, so they stopped trying
and said, "The will of the Lord be done" (verses 10-14).
PAUL ARRIVES AT JERUSALEM
Some believers from Caesarea accompanied Paul and his
companions to Jerusalem. They arrived and stayed with a man
named Mnason, who was originally from Cyprus, and one of the
very early disciples. They were all welcomed very cordially by
the believers in Jerusalem.
The next day Paul and his co-workers went on to meet with
James and all the Elders of Jerusalem. Greetings were exchanged
and then Paul gave account of all the things God had accomplished
among the Gentiles through his and his companions efforts.
The Elders of Jerusalem praised God on hearing all this news,
but then after a little silence, with concerned looks on their faces,
they all said with one voice (but probably it was James who did
the speaking for them all):
"You know dear brother there are many thousands of Jews
who have also believed, and still take all the laws of Moses
very seriously. The Jewish Christians here have been told
that you are teaching all the Jews in the Gentile world to
turn away from the laws of Moses. They say that you teach
people NOT to CIRCUMCISE their children or follow Jewish
customs. Now what can be done about this? For those Jewish
Christians will certainly hear that you have come to
Jerusalem. Here is our suggestion.
We have four men here who have taken a vow, and are
preparing to shave their heads. Go with them to the Temple
and join them in the purification ceremony, and pay for them
to have their heads shaved. Then everyone will know that the
rumors about you and your teachings are all false and that
you yourself are willing to observe Jewish laws and rituals.
As for the Gentile Christians, all we ask of them is what we
have already told them in a letter, that they should not eat
food offered to idols, nor consume blood, nor eat meat from
strangled animals, and that they should stay away from all
sexual immorality" (verses 15-25).
This is an extremely interesting passage of the New Testament.
It shows that false ideas and rumors that are incorrect, can and do
often float around and get passed on, that come from a misunder-
standing of what someone may say in a certain context. Often the
context is not thought about, only certain words that are said,
are clung to, and from there ANOTHER context is added, which
perverts the original context and the words spoken within the
original context.
Paul taught that certain physical rites and "rituals" (like
the rite and ritual that went with circumcising an eight day old
male child) such as physical circumcision was, under the New
Testament, NOT required for spiritual salvation. But he NEVER
taught it was WRONG or that such a law of Moses, should NOT
BE DONE, if you desired to do it. He simply taught that such a
physical rite did nothing for your salvation. He taught that doing
a physical rite like circumcision, neither added to the grace of
salvation, nor took away from the grace of salvation. In other
words Paul said, you did not acquire more "brownie points" in
God's eyes if you circumcised or if you did not circumcise.
We have seen (as we covered Acts 15) that SOME "Jewish"
believing people taught that circumcision WAS needed in order to
be saved. Many other Jewish believers also practiced the Temple
rituals and vows such as the Nazarite vow of Number 6. It may
well have been the Nazarite vow that these four men had taken
which the Elders at Jerusalem wanted Paul to participate in, at
the Temple, with them, as they ended their vow.
But the context of this passage is certain - it is physical
and ritual laws of Moses, which many Jewish believers, still
desired to practice, even having enthusiasm to still practice
them. The Temple still stood, the Levitical priesthood still
functioned in the Temple. All this was instituted by God under
Moses, so hence it still in that sense, belonged to the Lord. It
was not NOW something "evil" or "bad" or "contaminated" just
because the New Testament was in effect, and because the Messiah
had now come to die for the sins of the world. Some thought that
Paul did teach that the rites and rituals of the laws of Moses,
including physical circumcision, was "evil" or "bad" and should
be kept at arms length, avoiding them like the plague.
The Elders at Jerusalem knew Paul did NOT teach such a
theology concerning the Temple ritual laws of Moses, as some
thought he did. And those Elders wanted Paul to literally
demonstrate to all in Jerusalem that he was not against partaking
in Temple rites IF they so still desired to do so.
Again, let me make it clear. Paul did not teach that a believer
in Christ HAD TO partake of Temple ceremonies and rites
under the New Testament. He taught that such physical rites
(including physical circumcision) did NOT have to be performed
under the New Testament, that those rites gained no favor or
grace with God as such. You were neither "more saved" or "less
saved" or to put it in modern terminology, you were neither
a "better Christian" or a "worst Christian" by doing or not doing
physical Temple rites of Moses.
It comes as a shock to many Christians to realize the truth
of this passage in the book of Acts. The truth that Paul DID go
to the Temple and with other believers did partake of performing
Temple rites, which included Temple sacrifices. Many today think
that as Christ had been sacrificed on the cross for the sins of
the world, that doing literal animal sacrifices in the Temple,
with the Levitical priesthood, would be a terrible affront to
Christ, would somehow even be evil or sin, to do such a thing as
what Paul and these four men did in the Temple ritual. But as we
can plainly read, this was not the case at all, Paul and the four
men, did go to the Temple, they did partake in Temple rituals,
and God did not rain fire and brimstone down on their heads for
so doing.
If today there was a Temple in Jerusalem, if today there
was a Levitical priesthood officiating the Temple sacrifices and
rituals, it would NOT be wrong, evil, or sin, for a Christian to
partake of those rituals. It would NOT make you a better
Christian, or a worst Christian, if you did or did not partake of
Temple rituals. You would not find more grace or less grace with
God by participating in Temple ceremonies and rituals, even
Temple animal sacrifices. It was not bad or sin for Paul and the
four men to participate in the Temple laws of Moses, and it
would not be bad or sin, for you to do likewise IF the Temple
conditions were the same today as it was in Paul's day.
As for the Gentiles, or none Jewish people, we have the
clear instruction in both Acts 15 and in this passage of Acts 21,
that they were never to feel they ever needed to perform Temple
rites, ceremonies, rituals, including physical circumcision. They
were to particularly watch and be careful about FOUR points
given. We covered all this in some detail as we went through
Acts 15. It was four areas where the Gentiles had specific LARGE
problems with. Most can see that of sexual immorality, being a
large problem, with the people who never had God's word to
guide them on the matter of sexual conduct, but the other three ....
people could question, from the point of "Are not these also
physical laws of Moses?"
Yes, I guess you could say they are to some degree, or at
least many people classify them as physical laws of Moses, and so
as the Temple ritual, sacrificing, ceremonial, laws of Moses are
not required for salvation, so then these other three laws of Moses
should not be required. But we have the Elders of Jerusalem
saying the Gentiles should take care NOT to defile themselves
by practicing the breaking of these three laws of Moses (the fourth
being accepted by most Christians as right and correct to be not
sexually immoral). So, in the mind of many, there is a seeming
contradiction or ideas, or teaching here. But the truth must lie in
the understanding, that NOT ALL physical laws of Moses are the
SAME. Some are NOT important for Christians to practice today
under the New Testament, but SOME ARE STILL to be observed
by all Christians (Jews or Gentiles) today.
I did cover this aspect of the question and seeming
contradiction in detail in Acts 15. I ask the reader to refer
back to that section of the Bible Story, for the full answer.
PAUL IS ARRESTED
So it was that Paul agreed to the Elders request and the next day
he went through the purification ritual with the men in the Temple.
The he publicly announced the date when their vows would end
and when the sacrifices would be offered for each of them.
The seven days were almost completed when some Jews from
Asia saw Paul in the Temple and roused a mob of people against
him. They took hold of him, saying, "Men of Israel! Help us! This
is the man who teaches against our people and tells everyone to
disobey the Jew's laws. He speaks against the Temple, and even
defiles it by bringing into it Gentile people [They had earlier
seen Paul in the city with Trophimus, the Gentile from Ephesus,
and they assumed Paul had taken him to the Temple]" (verses
26-29).
Ah, see what "assumption" can do - it can cause blindness of
heart to the point of wanting to do harm, literally or mentally
and emotionally, towards whom you have falsely assumed has done
what you consider they should not have done, even if what you
consider is evil, is not evil at all. Nothing in God's word said
a Gentile could not come into the Temple of God, but the Jews had
set boundary markers and walls with the Temple structure to keep
Gentiles in only one part and out of another part. They even had
boundaries set up where Jewish women could not cross over within
the Temple. All man made ideas and practices. So these Jews truly
had an assumption and compounded it by adding to it practices and
traditions of their own making, all ending up to bring a great evil
upon the Apostle Paul.
The whole population of the city was rocked and rolled by
these accusations, and a great riot broke out. Paul was dragged
out of the Temple, and the gates closed behind him. They were
now trying to kill him, so hot was their anger at him. Word reached
the commander of the Roman regiment that all Jerusalem was
in a riotous uproar. He immediately called out his officers and
soldiers who ran into the crowd. And it was only this action by
the soldiers that caused the mob to stop beating Paul.
The commander arrested Paul and had him bound with two chains.
He then asked the crowd who this man was and what had he done.
Some shouted one thing and others shouted another thing. He could
find no truth in all the shouting and accusations, much of it confusing
and contradictory, so he ordered Paul to be taken to the fortress.
As they reached the stairs to the fortress, the mob grew so
violent the soldiers had to lift up Paul to their shoulders, and carry
him aloft, to protect him. The crowd followed behind shouting,
"Kill him, kill him!"
PAUL SPEAKS TO THE CROWD
As Paul was about to be taken inside, he said to the
commander, "May I have a word with you sir?"
"Do you know Greek?" the commander surprisingly asked when
Paul spoke in Greek to him. "Are you not the one, the Egyptian
who led a rebellion some time back and took four thousand members
of the Assassins out into the desert?"
"No," replied Paul, "I am a Jew from Tarsus in Cilicia, which is
an important city. Please, let me talk to these people."
The commander agreed, so Paul stood there on the steps and
motioned to the people to be quiet. Soon a deep silence did come
over the crowd, and he addressed them in their own language,
Aramaic, which was the common Hebrew dialect of the people of
Judah (verses 30-40).
............................
Written October 2004
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