FROM MY LATE FRIEND; I AM SO THANKFUL HE DID THIS DURING HIS LIFE 

SPAN. YOU CAN ONLY UNDERSTAND BIBLE PROPHECY IF YOU KNOW THE 

NATIONS TODAY AND WHERE THEY CAME FROM, TO MAKE THE NATIONS 

WE HAVE TODAY IN THE 21ST CENTURY - Keith Hunt

Migration of the Nations #1

Where the nations of Gen.10 are today

by Harold Hemenway FORWORD by Keith Hunt The following pages are the result of very extensive research done by Harold Hemenway in 1988. Mr. Hemenway believes that ALL three sons of Noah were WHITE - I do not necessarily hold that opinion. As he states, the name "HAM" means "burned" or "black" in Hebrew. So it is quite possible Noah and his wife named him "Ham" because he was just that - burned or black in color. If this was so then Japheth could have been of the Oriental color and look, and Shem the Caucasian type. And the three men's wives may have been Caucasian or Ham's dark - Japheth's yellow - Shem's white. What I am saying is that Noah and his wife MAY have had within their GENES the ability to produce the three basic races (B1ack,Yellow and White). Mr.Hemenway does say that Ham produced either BLACK or WHITE descendants - Japheth either ORIENTAL or WHITE, as shown by the results of his study on the migration of the peoples listed in Gen. 10. So somewhere the GENE factor had to come into play to produce the races we have on earth today. As the area was re-populated by these 8 persons after the Flood I feel confident in saying God's hand was guiding to produce the 3 races. Of course it had to have been this way somehow, for those who believe God created the human family of persons. QUOTE: The name "HAM" literally means "burned" or "black" in Hebrew. He gave his name to Egypt (Ps.78:51; 105:23; 106:22) and monuments testify that the country was called "Chem" or "Chemi" (in Coptic and Sahidic dialects). Indeed, the offspring of HAM'S marriage (Gen.10:6-20) leave no doubt that it was a black/white marriage. HAM'S portion was "beyond the Gihon (Geon = Nile in Ant.1:1:3 , to the south." "CUSH" means "black" in Hebrew, and the Greek name for CUSH was "AETHIOPS" (cp. Jer.13:23). Egyptian monumental scriptions call the land south of Egypt "Keesh" (modern Geez). Tell el Amarna tablets call this land "Kashi." CUSH" also settled in INDIA (Hindu Kush; Kashmir; Chushul; Cossoea; Susiana [Chuzistan]) and became knon as "Asiatic Ethiopian" (Herodotus 3:94). They're "just like the outhern Ethiopians, except ... their hair is straight" Her.7:70; see also Strabo 1:111,119,129). Cush's portion as "toward the east" in Africa (and India) (Jub.9:1). "MIZRAIM" is EGYPT in Genesis 50:11 and the Hebrew "misayim" is commonly translated "EGYPT" in the Bible. In Arabic, "Masr" is the name of Cairo or of Egypt even today. "Mizraim" means "two lands," probably referring to Upper and Lower Egypt. But MIZRAIM also migrated to a land in S.E. ASIA MINOR called "Musr" or "Musri" mentioned in secular ecords. Shalmaneser 3 got Bactrian camels from Musri, indicating Asia Minor (see also 1 Ki.10:28; 2 Ki.7:6; 2 Ch.1:16-17 where "Kue" is Cilicia). Possibly the "Mossi" (UPER VOLTA) and "Masai" (KENYA: TANZANIA) are colonies. The "Gypsies" take their name from Egypt. "PHUT" named the river "Phut" in N. AFRICA (Pliny's Nat. Hist.). In Coptic (Ancient Egyptian), LIBYA is known as PHIAIT (both LXX and Ant.1:6:2 agree). "PHUT" is also idenified with SOMALILAND (and YEMEN since on both sides of Red sea) via the Egyptian "Punt" (or "Pwent") reference by Ebers. Confirmation comes from a Babylonian tablet mentiong "Putu-yaman" (Put Yemen) and the Persian inscription of Naash-i-Rustem naming PUTU (meaning SOMALILAND). A branch migrated east becoming the RAJPUTS of INDIA. PHUT settled central Africa (Jub.9:1; from LIBYA). A colony of Phut sailed to S.AMERICA naming the "Putumayo River" there. Arabs took slaves from central Africa to ARABIA, IRAN and INDIA (Funk and Wagnalls, 24:17). "CANAAN" is scattered all around the Mediterranean (see article on MOORS, PHOENICIANS, etcetera). Canaan's portion was "to the west" of Phut (Jub.9:1) or on the west cast of Africa. Called "Agenor" by the Greeks, he gave his name to the AEGEAN SEA. Greek sources like Philo of Byblos and Stephanus of Byzantium mention the "Kna'(an)" and coins from PHOENICIA bear this name "Kna" or "Knaan." Greek mythology" says KUMARBI or CRONUS (CANAAN) castrated Uranus Anu (Noah) so was cursed with being a "servant of serants" (Gen.9:25-27). The "Kanuri" (NIGERIA) and "Kongo" CONGO) are colonies. Many N.AMERICAN slaves came from NIGERIA (Acad. Am. 17:356) and BRAZILIAN from W. Africa. "SEBA" is the Sabeans in S. ARABIA (modern town: As Sabya) (Ant.1:6:2). The native name of the island of MERGE (near Egypt and Ethiopia - Isa.43:3; 45:14) is SUBA (see Josephus) in SUDAN today! Dravidians (of INDIA and CEYLON) were anciently called "SIBAE" (Smith's Class. Dict.). An INDIAN god is called "SIVA" - "Sabah" province and the city of "Sibu" are located in Malaysia. "HAVILAH" is identified with INDIA (Ant.1:1:3; Targum Yonathan). A city called "Havelian" is located on the upper Indus River, between Pakistan and Kashmir. HAVILAH also settled in a district in upper YEMEN called "Khawlans" (see Rabbi Aaron Marcus and the J.F.B.Commentary). Strabo mentions the "Chaulotaioi" and "Huwaila" of BAHRAIN. "SABTAH" is identified with "Saubatha" (Ptolemy 6:7,38) or "Sabota" (Plin 6:32; 12:32), an old trading city on the south coast of ARABIA. Ptolemy also mentions the "Saphtha" near the ARABIAN shore of the Persian Gulf. Targum Yonathan identifies SABTAH as Smadai, a Cushite tribe, possibly the Somalis (SOMALILAND) or Assamese (INDIA). Josephus says SABTAH is the "Astaborans" (ETHIOPIA - Strabo map 14). "RAAMAH" is identified as Lubai (LYBIANS) and Mavryatinos (MAURETANIA) (Tar um Yonathan; cp. Yevamoth 63a; Sifri, Deut.3:20). RAAMAH is the INDIAN god "Rama." Also, the Pharaohs of EGYPT called themselves "Rameses" after him. Strabo says the Rhammanitae are in S.W.ARABIA (16:4:24). The city of Regma (and Rums) are in S.E.ARABIA (Ptol.6:7:14). "SABTECA" is rendered "Sabaitic mouth" when describing the Red Sea harbor of ETHIOPIA'S coast (Strabo 16:4:8; known as "Sabaiticum Ostium" on map 14). Targumm Yonathan calls SABTECA "Zingain," possibly the "Zeugis" of Africa. "SHEBA" is another branch of the SABEANS (Ant.1:6:2) so is in YEMEN. INDIA and SUDAN branches are possible (see SEBA). "DEDAN" founded the city of Dedan in central ARABIA called "ed-dagan" up to 1200 A.D. and El-Ula today. He also gave his name to "Daden" or "Aden," a port city and island on the south side of YEMEN. A branch migrated to western ETHIOPIA where the Judadeans live (Josephus). The Targum Yonathan has M'zag which may be the Mazices of N. AFRICA. "NIMROD" built eight towns in MESOPOTAMIA: Babel (the BABYLONIAN Empire), fifteen miles east of "Birs Nimroud." Erech (modern Warka in S.Iraq). Accad (the AKKADIAN Empire). In this region is a primitive monument, 125 feet high and 400 feet in circumference, called "Tel Nimroud" by the grabs. Calneh (Nippur or Nofar-Ninfi of the Talmud, Yoma l0a). The land of Shinar is the SUMERIAN Empire. Nineveh (capital of the ASSYRIAN Empire, "th land of Nimrod" - Micah 5:6). Rehoboth (the ruins 32 miles S.W. of Mayadin). Calah (Nimrod ruins). Resen (Aktispon or Ctesphon, Yoma l0a). "LUDIM" are located west of LIBYA according to their position at the head of the list of Mizraim's sons. But the Targum Yonathan renders Ludim "Givatai" which could be derived from Gipt, Egypt or Copt, indicating EGYPT. "ANAMIM" could be located in LIBYA since a people of Cyrene called ANAMI are mentioned in a cuneiform text of the time of Sargon II (JPOS, I [1921], 191f.). But the Targum Yonathan calls the Animim "Martiorti" or "Mariotai." These are the people from the district of Mareotis in lower EGYPT which also has a town called Marea in it. Yet we also find names like "Maori" and "Maurusi" in LIBYA, perhaps the same people (Strabo, map 15). Interestingly, we find darkskinned, Caucasian types in POLYNESIA today called "Maori" who defeated dark-skinned "Moriori" the Marmaridae of Egypt? Strabo, map 15) (Funk & Wagnalls, 19:78). "LEHABIM" are the "Lebu" or "Rebu" of Egyptian inscriptions who gave their name to LIBYA. Josephus confirms this (1:6:2). Lehabim means "red people" and today we find people with "reddish brown skin called "Fula." They are numerous from W.SUDAN all the way to SENEGAL on the Atlantic coast (Encyc. Brit. art. "Fula," vol.ll). The "Luba" who live today in ZAIRE may be related (Acad. Am. 1:135). "NAPHTUHIM" designates the worshippers of "Ptah" who were Memphites and whose capital was "Na-Ptah," (the habitation of Ptah) contracted into NOPH (Isa.19:13,etc.) (Memphis).In S.EGYPT we find the capital city of "Napata" also. "PATHRUSIM" dwelt in PATHROS, or upper EGYPT. "Pathros" means "people of the south land" (upper Egypt) in Egyptian. This is the area around Thebes which has been called "Nomos Phaturites" on occasion. They moved to CRETE (see below). "CASLUHIM" are the Nasamones (LXX), a powerful tribe of LIBYANS. Herodotus affirms that the Nasamones are LIBYANS Histories, 2:32). Targum Yonathan calls the "Casluhim" "Pentpoletai," probably "Pentapolis" (CYRENAICA) in LIBYA also. They moved to CRETE (see below). "Zulus" in S.AFRICA may have come from Casluhim. "PHILISTIM" originated on the island of CAPHTOR (CRETE) according to secular and biblical history (Deut.2:23; Jer. 47:4; Am.9:7). From here they migrated to PALESTINE in the 12th century (PHILISTINES or PELETHITES) and then to ETHIOPIA as the FALASHAS. The FULANI of NIGERIA may be another colony. Others stayed in PALESTINE (Zech.9:5-7). "CAPHTORIM" gave his name to CAPHTOR (CRETE) since he, like the Philistines, came from Pathrusim and Casluhim (Gen.10:14). They went to CAPPADOCIA (LXX and Targum) and to EGYPT as COPTS and to Palestine as CHERETHITES ("Cretans" -- LXX) (see Deut.2:23; 1 Sam.30:14; Ez.25:16; Zeph.2:5). According to the Midrash, a branch of the Caphtorim became the PYGMIES of the CHAD, C.A.R., SUDAN area. The "KAFIRS" of INDIA may be another branch (see Acad. Amer. 2:243). "SIDON" or Zidon was the capital of PHOENICIA, so the "Sidonians" (Judges 18:7) are found in LEBANON, CYPRUS, SICILY, SARDINIA, SPAIN and N.AFRICA. These are the Phoenician colonies of history (Acad. Am., 15:250). Even when TYRE later grew to greatness (Josh.l9:29), the kingdom was still called "Sidonian" (1 Ki.16:31; Homer) although possibly MEDITERRANEAN and TYRRHENIAN got their names from TYRE. The "SIDAMO" peoples of ETHIOPIA and "SIDONES" of BULGARIA (Strabo map 6) may be colonies. "HETH" is the Hittites (Gen.15:19-21; 23:10) of PALESTINE and later possibly the Neo-Hittites of north SYRIA but not the Indo-European Hittites of Asia Minor who were ASSYRIANS that invaded Hittite land, took the name "CHETTAIO1" or HITTITE, with a capital called "Khattusha" and cities called Karaman" and "Carchemish." (art. Hittites" in I.S.B.E.). These "Hittites" became the tribes of "Chatti," "Chattuari," "Germans" and "Cherusci" of GERMANY! .... (see Strabo map 6) These Hittites were feared (2 Ki.7:6-7). "JEBUSITES" inhabited the Jerusalem area (Joshua 15:63; Judges 19:10) and then went to EBUSUS Island off the coast of SPAIN (Strabo map 3) and other Phoenician colonies possibly. The "Ibo" and "Ibibio" of NIGERIA may be branches. "AM0RITES" inhabited PALESTINE (Gen.15:16) and are the "Amurru" of the Amarna letters. Today they are known as the MOORS of MOROCCO, MAURITANIA, PORTUGAL, SPAIN, SICILY, ITALY, BRAZIL and even N.AMERICA. The "Amhara" -of ETHIOPIA may be a colony. Even in MANCHURIA we find an Amur R. "GIRGASHITES" were displaced from PALESTINE and so moved to AFRICA (Rashi on Ex.33:2 & 34:11; Yerushalmi, Shabbath :31), specifically CARTHAGE (founded by Phoenicians!) where we find frequent personal names such as "Grgshy," "Grgsh," and "Grgshm" in the vowelless Punic texts there. Another branch of the Girgashites may have become the "GARGARIANS" who moved to the Caucasus region (Strabo) and then named Russian GEORGIA. Other names which may be related are "Gergesenes" (Matt.8:28, KJV) and "Kirkishati" Assyr.tab.) Another possible location is western ASIA MINOR where we find the town of "Gargara" and the 'Gargarus Mt." and where the people were known as "GERGITHIANS" (vol.6, pp.35,139 of Strabo). "HIVITES" are identified as "HORITES" by comparing Genesis 36:20 with 36:2. The LXX of Genesis 34:2 and Joshua 9:7 says "Horite" instead of the Masoretic Text's "Hivite." HORITES aren't HURRIANS (see Wycliffe Bible Encyc., vol.l,p.810). The Hivites weren't destroyed or forced out of PALESTINE (Joshua 9:27; 11:19). But the "Ewe" of TOGO and BENIN may be Hivites and the "Herero" of NAMIBIA Horites. "ARKITES" moved from Arca (Tel Arka, Syria), Phoenicia, to ARKADIA Greece and possibly the city of Archaea nearby in ASIA MINOR (Lempriere's, p.67). One branch even migraed to N.AMERICA as the "Arikara" Indians. Not all Indian tribes were Mongoloid (p.19, Langer's World History). "SINITES" gave their name to the "Wilderness of Sin" and "Mount Sinai" originally. An Assyrian diety who established "laws and justice" among men according to Ur's monuments was known as "Sin" (ancestor worship). But his descendants moved eastward as the "SINAE" and became the most eastern nation in the world according to Ptolemy (Lempriere's lass. Dict., p.585). Passing through China, these BLACK people gave their name to that region also and even today China is identified by the prefix "SINO-" and we see SIAN, SINKIANG, SHANGHAI, SHENSI, SHANTUNG, SHEN-YANG, TIENTSIN, FU-SHUN, etcetera. But Isaiah 49:12 mentions the land of "Sinim" as a location from where Israelites (Caucasians) are gathered. The Vulgate renders "Sinim" as AUSTRALI." Indeed, both the BLACK aboriginees and the WHITE Caucasian Israelites are found today in AUSTRALIA, not China. Smaller colonies are in INDIA ("Sindhi"), CEYLON ("Sinhalese") and AFRICA ("Senufo" of IVORY COAST; "Ashanti" of GHANA; "San" of BOTSWANA; "Shona" of MOZAMBIQUE; Songhai" of SUDAN and UPPER VOLTA). (see 2:243 and 1:145 of Acad. Am. Encyc.) "ARVADITES" lived in Arvad - a Phoenician port city. They dwelt off the Phoenician coast on the island of Aradus (Ruad). Strabo speaks of the "ARADIANS" in the present tense as still dwelling in these areas when he wrote in the first century (16:2:12-14). They had a colony in the Persian Gulf area (Strabo vo1.7, p.369) and may have planted a colony in S.E.ASIA (IRRAWADDY sounds alot like "Yaruwaddas," the Hittite form of ARVAD) (I.S.B.E. 3:1400) which later became the BLACKS of Melanesia, Micronesia and/or Polynesia since no BLACKS live in S.E.ASIA today! "ZEMARITES" lived in Zemar - a Phoenician coast city ("Simyra" - Strabo 16:2:12) but were displaced by Aradians and may have moved to "Semurium" near ROME (Cic.Phi1.6,6). They also had a colony in the Persian Gulf area and may have gone to INDONESIA and the PHILIPPINES where we find "Semarang" city and SUMATRA island, SAMAR Province and Sea. "Samarinda" is a city in BORNEO. Since very few BLACKS live in these areas, the Zemarites probably moved to Melanesia, Micronesia and/or Polynesia. "HAMATHITES" were called "HEMATH" (Am.6:14) and "AMATHIS" (1 Macc.12:25) was a city in Syria on the banks of the Orontes (called Hamah today). The "AMATHUSIANS" apparently moved to CYPRUS (Strabo 8:3:8) and named a city there "AMATHUS" (14:6:3; see Ptolemy 5,C.14.). From there a branch apparently moved to MACEDONIA (called "EMATHIA" in ancient times). A city by the same name could be found near the sea (Strabo vol.3, p.329; see map 7). It is clear that HAM'S portion was "beyond the Gihon (Geon = Nile in Ant.1:1:3), toward the south" and that this territory was further sub-divided with "Ques (Cush) toward the east, and to the west of him for Phud (Phut), and to the west of him for Kainan (Canaan) toward the west of the sea," Truly, "the land of Ham is hot" (Jubilees 8 and 9). JAPHETH But what about Japheth? The name "JAPHETH" literally means "to enlarge or expand" in Hebrew. Genesis 9:27 states that "God shall enlarge Japheth." Which of the three races has the largest population today? According to volume 14 of the 1974 edition of Encyclopedia Britannca, "The MONGOLOID peoples, not including the American Indians, account for over 71 percent of the world's population of 3,500,000,000" (p.845). Yes, JAPHETH must have married an oriental woman as his very name suggests, not only by its meaning, but also by its sounding like JAPAN! JAPHETH is "Iapetos," one of the Titans and the father of the GREEKS according to legend! He is also "Iyapeti," the supposed ancestor of the ARYANS in INDIA. His portion was "beyond the river Tina (Tanais or Don), toward the north of the exit of its waters, and it goes toward the northeast the whole district of Lag, and all the east thereof (Siberia?). And it goes toward the north to the north, and goes to the mountains of Kilt (Sikhote-Alin Mts.?), toward the north and toward the sea Mauk (Okhotsk Sea?), and it goes toward the east of Gadir (Gedrosa or Pakistan?) over toward the coast of the water of the sea. And it proceeds until it approaches the west of Para (Phyrnes or Himalayas?), and returns toward Apherag (Phrygians or Turkey?) and goes toward the east, towards the waters of the sea Meat (Maeotis or Azov Sea). And it goes toward the shore of the river Tina (Tanais or Don), toward the east of the north, until it approaches to the shore of the waters thereof, toward the mountain Rafa (Urals?), and it bends toward the north." Truly, "it is cold" territory that was given to JAPHETH (Jubilees 8:22-25). But the children from this marriage provide even more proof it was a white/oriental union. "GOMER" gave his name to the "Cimmerians" of Anatolia or "Cimbri" of the classics. Thus, Herodotus, Plutarch, and others identify him with the district of Cimmeria, north of the Black Sea - called "Crimea" today - but later Cimmerians were Nordic (Odyssey 11:12-19), not oriental. Just as Hosea prophesied, Nordic Israel would be known by the name "Gomer" (Hos.1:3). This is why even Josephus thinks "GOMER" is the Galatians or Gauls (1:6:1). But "GOMER'S" portion was "toward the east" (Jub.9:7). He moved to S.E.ASIA and gave his name to the "Khmer Empire" and people there, specifically CAMBODIA today (2:194 and 17:231 of 1974 Britannica). Before moving east, "GOMER" traveled extensively in SPAIN and ITALY ("Gomera," - Canary Island; "Camarina" Sicily, 3:59,81; "Camarium" Umbria, 2:369; "Gomaro," 3:301). "MAGOG" means "the land of Gog" (Ez.38:2 & 39:6). Arabs believe the descendants of Gog and Magog inhabit the northern eastern parts of ASIA (Art. "Gog," McClintock and Strong Encyc.). Arab writers referred to the Great Wall of CHINA as the "wall of al Magog" (Rabbi Aaron Marcus, Kesseth HaSofer p.112a). The word "MONGOL" is actually spelled "MOGOL," a corruption of MAGOG. Originally Magog lived in Scythia (Ant.1:6:1; Jerome) and in the 14th century B.C. kingdom of Gog in Armenia (Tell Amarna Letters). Even Gyges of Lydia may have been related. The Magyars of Europe, Mogollons of Arizona, Mohegans of Boston and the Omagua, Omaguaca and Yagua Indians of S.A. are other branches besides "the inner portions of the north" (Jub.9:7). "MADAI" became the MEDES (Josephus) who were also called ARIANS (Herodotus 7:62). One branch moved to INDIA and became the "Aryans" there while another branch went to a "wintry land" (Strabo vol.7,p.9). Herodotus 5:9 mentions that a people who "dress in the Median fashion" and "claim to be colonists from Media" live "north of Thrace" "beyond the Danube" (ROMANIA, POLAND, UKRAINE). Pliny mentions "the river Don, where the inhabitants are ... said to be descended from the Medes" (book 6, sec.11) (UKRAINE). Truly Madai's portion was "to the west of his two brothers, unto the islands and unto the coasts of the islands" (Jub.9:8) But the "Maidu" Indians went to CALIFORNIA and "Shoshone" (from Shushan, capital of Medo-Persia) Indians to U.S. "JAVAN" is found in Assyrian relics as "Yavnan" or "Yunan" and on Egyptian monuments as "Uoinim" or "Ionians." The same Hebrew word is translated "Javan" in some O.T. passages and "GREECE" in others! Amarna Tablets mention "Yivana" as being in the land of TYRE and yet a large branch of JAVAN went east. CHINA'S YUNNAN Province (Funk and Wagnalls, 6:168) and it's Yuan dynasty and river (Acad. Am., 20:338) both indicate this. ("Y" and "I" were predecessors of the modern "J"). JAVAN'S portion was "all the islands" (Jub.9:8) which couples nicely with Javan being identified as "isles afar off" (Isa.66:19) from Jerusalem. The "Javanese" live on the island of JAVA in INDONESIA. TAIWAN is a corruption of "TAJAVAN," and by changing the to "V" to "B" and then to "P" (a common practice) we get JAPAN! The "Yana" and "Oyana" Indians of CALIFORNIA and BRAZIL (Acad. Am., 11:124 and MADAGASCAR are all colonies. "TUBAL" lived in IBERIA (Ant.1:6:1). SPANISH (Iberians) call themselves centuvals or people of TUVAL: But this is wrong since the "Western Iberians" moved "to the regions beyond the Pontus and Colchis" (Strabo 1:3:21 and map 11) and called this second area "IBERIA" also. Herodotus calls them Tibareni and links them to the Moschi (3:94). These peoples moved north! Assyrian monuments associate the "Tabali" or "Tibareni" with a city in RUSSIA - TOBOLSK - near the Tobol River in Siberia (from Subartu or Subaria in eastern Anatolia, where Tubal originally dwelt). RUSSIA Rosh) is linked in Ezekiel 38:2, RV. Minor colonies of TUBAL became the CANADIAN Ottawa Indians and the Pacific Island nation of "Tuvalu." TUBAL'S portion was "between the tongue which approaches toward the side of the portion of Lud (LYDIA in W.Asia Minor, so probably the Black Sea tongue) to the second tongue (Caspian Sea?), unto beyond the second tongue into the third tongue" (Aral Sea?) (Jubilees 9:9) later to move further eastward. Another clony is the "Ipurina" (Iberian) Indians of S.A. "MESHECH" dwelt between the Cyrus and Phasis Rivers (Caucasus area) in the time of Strabo (11:2:14-16) and was known as "Moschi." (See Herodotus 3:94 and 7:78). Indeed, the capital of Cappadocia (ancient Meshech in central Turkey - Ant.1:6:1 and Herod.1:72) was called "Mazaca," just as today we find the capital of RUSSIA is "Moscow" from the Muskeva River. Anciently, RUSSIA itself was known by the name "Muskovi." (See Ez.38:2 also) The "Muskogee" (S.E. U.S.), "Mescalero" (TEXAS), "Mosquito" (NICARAGUA), "Mochica" ECUADOR), "Macusi" (GUYANA), and "Mocovi" Indians (ARGENINA) are other colonies of MESHECH besides "beyond the third tongue (Aral Sea?), until it approaches to the east Gadir (Gedrosia or Pakistan?)" (Jub.9:10) which colony later migrated northwest to Moscow. "TIRAS" is called "Tursha" in an Egyptian document of the 3th century B.C., who were members of a sea confederacy - perhaps the piratical Tyrsenians who lived on the Aegean slands. The THRACIANS (Ant.l:6:1) and ETRUSCANS (of ITALY) ame from him. We read that the "Tearus" River ran through THRACE (Herod.4:89) which may be the same as the "Tyras" River (Dniester - Strabo 1:2:1). Thracians were known as "red" men by Greek writers (Encyc. Brit., art. "Thrace") and inhabited the Mediterranean islands (Yov'loth 9:14) or "four great islands in the midst of the sea, which approach o the portion of Ham (Africa)" (Jub.9:11). In fact, many Aegean islands bear names very similar to the names of American Indians: Xios or Ios (SIOUX and XIUS), Sikinos (STQUIAS of Honduras), Piraeus (PIROS or PEIRAIEIS of Chihuuahua), Tenos (the TENOCHTITLAN Island of Mexican Aztecs), ................. TO BE CONTINUED